When filmmaker Lauren Greenfield set out in 2007 to create a documentary called The Queen of Versailles that would focus on the Siegel family and their quest to build the largest single-family home in America, she did not intend or anticipate capturing the family’s struggle with their finances due to the collapse of the housing market in 2008. As the title implies, Greenfield meant to document the lavish lifestyle of Jackie Siegel, wife of the multi-millionaire timeshare king, David Siegel. It is hard to believe that a powerful, rich- beyond- belief family like the Siegel’s could have suffered at all in the economic crisis of 2008, but they dealt with some of the same stress and issues that the everyday working family did at the same time., and, Uultimately, they proved themselves not to be not that different than the rest of us after all. The idea of American culture being motivated by the never-ending desire for more is abundantly clear within the Siegel family, and The Queen of Versailles as a whole shows that there are financial and emotional similarities between economic classes.
David Siegel, 74-year-old, founder, president, and CEO of Westgate Resorts, did not start his life on track to becoming the owner of the largest privately owned timeshare company in the world. He grew up in a modest, two bedroom, one bathroom house in Indianapolis, and struggled before dropping out of the University of Miami (David Siegel, 2016). When he got older, he was introduced to the concept of timeshares, and fell in love with it instantly. He started with sixteen units in the back of an orange grove, and expanded from there. As of the documentary, David owned 28 resorts in 11 states, three of which were the top three largest in the world. No matter how rich or successful he became, David he always wanted more units, more money, and more recognition. It was not enough for him to just have a successful timeshare company, he wanted to have the most successful timeshare company (Greenfield, 2012).
Jackie Siegel did not start out living a luxurious lifestyle either. She grew up in the small town of Binghamton, New York, in a three bedroom, one bathroom house. From a young age, she was determined to make something of herself and reach beyond the walls of the place where she grew up. Jackie was never happy with her comfortable, middle class life. She wanted to leave and move on to bigger and better things. She attended Rochester Institute of Technology, and graduated with a computer engineering degree in 1986. She defied her cultural norms and went to a prestigious school to seek a higher education in a field that not many women were involved in at the time (Greenfield, 2012).
A few years later, Jackie she moved to New York City to begin a modelling career. Eventually, she met a man on Wall Street, fell in love, got married, and moved to the everglades. Her husband grew physically abusive and ended up in jail one night. She grabbed her modelling pictures which were her whole life at the time along with , and some clothes, and left. One day, she stumbled across an advertisement to be Mrs. Florida. She entered, won, and quickly met David Siegel (Greenfield, 2012).
At the time of their meeting, David had just got out of a 27 year marriage. He saw Jackie for the first time at a party and thought she was the most beautiful girl in the world. David admits that he does not doesn’t understand what Jackie sees in him, but he acknowledges and the obvious answer appears to be that he is a multimillionaire. Jackie’s seemingly endless spending and overly extravagant lifestyle makes it seem as though she is simply using David to live the life she dreamed of as a middle class child. However, it soon becomes clear through the film that Jackie loves David for a lot more than his money, and that their relationship is far deeper than it seems. David may have been drawn to Jackie initially by her gorgeous looks, but he does not hesitate to brag about how she is kind, extroverted, and a good mother (Greenfield, 2012).
From the very start of the documentary, the Siegel family appears much like you would expect. They have more money than they could ever hope to spend, their home is overflowing with posessionsstuff, and they seem to hand their credit cards over without even noticing the cost. Jackie’s decorating taste is garish to the point of tackiness. On just her closet alone, Jackie admits to spending around $1 million every year. She owns a $17,000 pair of Gucci crocodile boots, and $10,000 ostrich feather Gucci pants (Greenfield, 2012). The average American family, who makes around $50,000 annually after taxes, spends only $1,600 on clothes each year (Hamm, 2015).
Even the clothes Jackie is seen wearing throughout the film are often over the top. She wears skin-tight dresses to formal events, and nearly every shirt is low cut to show off her botox-filled cleavage. Numerous times, Jackie tries to justify her purchases, but it only comes across to the audience as comically absurd. When talking about her collection of purses, Jackie admits that she believes purses are a good investment because, if necessary, you can always sell them. It is clear that she knows she is spending a ridiculous amount of money on impractical things, but she sees no reason to stop. No matter how much she has, there are always new things she wants to spend her her money on (Greenfield, 2012). \
The family itself initially comes across as arrogant and rather self-obsessed. David openly brags about the fact that he believes he personally got George Bush elected president through large donations (Stables, 2012) that he admits, “may not necessarily have been legal” (Greenfield, 2012). He also talks takes a few moments to talk about how much better off people are for knowing him, and . David says he changes people’s lives all the time. Jackie brags about her relationship with her husband, and says, “He sure doesn’t need Viagra” (Greenfield, 2012). It is this inflated sense of self that has the family believing that they deserve all of the material items they own. David works hard to maintain his fortune, so he concludes that his family is entitled to anything money can buy.
The most prominent of the Siegel’s spending choices is in their 90,000 square foot in-construction dream home they have called Versailles, after the French architecture it was inspired on. To put the size in perspective, that is larger than the White House, and big enough to be a whole land in Disney. Not only would this be the largest single-family home under one roof in America, it would contain thirty bathrooms, a roller rink, an orchestra, a ballroom, a baseball field, an observation deck (Greenfield, 2012), a 5,000 square foot closet, an ice skating rink, ten kitchens (Mandell, 2016), two tennis courts, and an entire wing for the children. When asked why the family would want to take on such a grandiose and expensive project, David replied, “We never sought out to build the biggest home in America. It just kind of happened.” The couple wanted to have everything they had ever dreamed of wanted in one home. Jackie describes their current house as “bursting at the seams.” The family’s solution is not to get rid of the overabundance of stuff they already own, but rather build a bigger house to fit it all (Greenfield, 2012).
However, despite the initial arrogance of the family, a deeper side soon begins to emerge. This depth first becomes apparent through the oldest of the seven biological children, Victoria. Victoria, who went by Rikki, clearly had a lot of love and gratitude for her family when she talked about them, and even expressed showed admiration when telling the story of her adopted sister, Jonquil. Jonquil is 16 and the daughter of Jackie’s brother. When Jonquil’s father could not take care of her anymore, and her mother passed away, she came to live with the Siegels. When the girl first arrived at the house, Jackie immediately asked her what her room at home was like because she wanted to make sure she decorated her new one in a way that would make her feel the most comfortable. Rikki even concedes that the family was greatly humbled by the arrival of Jonquil (Greenfield, 2012).
When the housing market crashesd in 2008, Jackie Siegel reluctantly falls seemed to fall from Princess Cinderella almost back to poor Cinderella (Varon, 2014). The family hasd to make immediate reductions on spending. Jackie travels with her children using a commercial airline to which they ask her, “What are all these people doing on our plane?” (Greenfield, 2012). She begins shopping at Walmart, and is forced to drive herself around. Even with these slight cutbacks in comparison to the family’s still vast wealth, Jackie has difficulty leaning too far away from her shopaholic lifestyle. Her trip to Walmart before Christmas is the most notable scene in terms of the family’s attempts to cut back. Though she is no longer buying presents from overly expensive or designer brands, she and her envoy of housekeepers and nannies cross the Walmart parking lot with four overflowing shopping carts (Greenfield, 2012).
Director Lauren Greenfield presents Jackie as oblivious to anything but her extravagant lifestyle which leads the audience to sympathise, but also laugh a little at her ignorance. For example, when Jackie asks the man running the Hertz car rental desk what her driver’s name is, he looks at her with an expression of complete bewilderment, likely mirroring that of the audience. Her question is so absurd as he assumes she has to be kidding.
The saddest familial impact of the crash was how the kids had to be pulled out of private school and transferred to public school. Jackie had to tell them to start thinking about what they would want to be when they grew up because she was starting to realize the money might not be there for them if things did not get better, and they had not put aside any money for college. This was the first time the kids had to think about making their own money. It was hard enough for Jackie and David to deal with their financial struggle, but it is harder on the children who do not and cannot fully understand what is going on (Greenfield, 2012).
Just four months after the opening gala for PH Towers Westgate in Las Vegas, Nevada, the company that constructed the building sued Westgate for unpaid bills. David was forced to lay off around 7,000 employees, and had to completely shut down the telemarketing department because there was no financing for sales. The banks did not want to lend the money, so half of the employees were let go two days before Thanksgiving (Greenfield, 2012).
In contrast to David Siegel’s previous boasting about how many people are better off for knowing him, he begins to express his remorse at being the reason behind many people struggling. He says, “I’ve affected a lot of lives.” To their ultimate dismay, David and Jackie have to put the half-complete Versailles on the market for $100 million. At this point, they have already put in $50 million in addition to the land, with an incredible $5 million of that in marble alone (Greenfield, 2012).
Not all of the individuals affected by the crisis, that also affected the family, remain faceless. While volunteering at one of their son’s baseball games, Jackie and David meet Cliff Wright who, at the height of his time working in commercial real estate, had a net worth of $3.5 million, but, after the economic crash, was down to $0. He lost all 19 of his homes, and had to rent a house from a friend. He eventually became the Siegel family’s limo driver (White, 2012). Jackie’s high school best friend, Tina, fell behind on her mortgage payments and her house went into foreclosure. Despite the $5,000 Jackie sent her to try and save it, she lost her home (Tovrov, 2012).
Since the airing of the documentary, the Siegel family has been as busy as ever. David sued Greenfield, the filmmaker behind The Queen of Versailles for falsely portraying the family, but the court dismissed it. Versailles is back under construction after Jackie admits her husband had his best year ever. David bought the Las Vegas Hilton, the Orlando Predators football team, and the Coco Beach Pier (Mandell, 2016). In 2015, Victoria Siegel was found unresponsive in her father’s home, and pronounced dead at the Health Central Hospital (Fuchs, 2015) from a mix of prescription medications. Since her death, David has become a huge advocate in the fight against drug addiction, and has even started a foundation with Jackie to help teens tackling substance abuse (Hudak, 2016). Despite the initial outrage from David Siegel over the family’s portrayal in the film, he and Jackie admit that their marriage is stronger than ever (Mandell, 2016).
Today, the members of the Siegel family, unlike most of the other Americans affected by the crisis, are financially better than ever. David Siegel currently has a net worth of $940 million (David Siegel, 2016). According to a study in 2016, the average net worth of an American is $300,000 (Samurai, 2017), over 3,000 times less than Siegel. Seventy-five percent of Americans live paycheck by paycheck, and barely have enough money each year to put into savings after the cost of food, transportation, and other expenses (Hamm, 2015).
It is obvious that the life of the Siegel family is far different from the American norm. The Queen of Versailles shows that sometimes the highest people fall the farthest. Through the housing market crash, David and Jackie Siegel got a glimpse for the first time that their wealth is not guaranteed, and audiences saw that being rich is not without it’s own ups and downs. Lauren Greenfield sums up the film in saying, “And in the beginning, [the movie] starts out as this intimate look at how the 1 percent live, and what wealth is like; it’s almost like a fantasy world with castles and jets and a timesharetime-share king and a beauty queen. By the end, you really see that it's become an allegory about all of us, and in a way the overreaching of America and how we all overextended in different ways” (Greenfield Interview, 2012).
Source List
David Siegel. (2016). Retrieved February 14, 2017, from http://www.forbes.com/profile/david-siegel/
Fuchs, E. (2015, June 07). Daughter of timeshare mogul David Siegel is dead at 18. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://www.businessinsider.com/victoria-siegel-dies-after-being-found-in-home-of-david-siegel-2015-6
Greenfield, L. (Director). (2012). The Queen of Versailles [Motion picture on Netflix]. United States: Magnolia Pictures.
Greenfield, L. (2012, July 20). In New Documentary, Our Economic Fall Writ Large [Interview by A. Cornish & R. Siegel]. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://www.npr.org/2012/07/20/157060920/in-new-documentary-our-economic-fall-writ-large
Hudak, S. (2016, April 08). Grief fuels timeshare king David Siegel's fight against drug addiction. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://www.orlandosentinel.com/health/addiction-recovery/os-addiction-recovery-david-siegel-20160408-story.html
Hamm, T. (2015, April 14). A Look at the Average American Budget - and How the Average American Can Start Saving More. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from http://www.thesimpledollar.com/a-look-at-the-average-american-budget-and-how-the-average-american-can-start-saving-more/
Mandell, L. J. (2016, May 20). The Queen of Versailles Is Back! An Exclusive Update on the Biggest Home in America>. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://www.realtor.com/news/trends/queen-of-versailles-q-and-a/
Samurai, F. (n.d.). The Average American Net Worth Is Huge! Retrieved February 15, 2017, from http://www.financialsamurai.com/average-net-worth-is-huge/
Stables, K. (2012, September). The Queen of Versailles [Review of The Queen of Versailles]. Sight and Sound, 22(9), 108-109.
White, M. (2012, September). The Queen of Versailles: A Dream Contorted. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://realtormag.realtor.org/news-and-commentary/commentary/article/2012/09/queen-versailles-dream-contorted
David Siegel, 74-year-old, founder, president, and CEO of Westgate Resorts, did not start his life on track to becoming the owner of the largest privately owned timeshare company in the world. He grew up in a modest, two bedroom, one bathroom house in Indianapolis, and struggled before dropping out of the University of Miami (David Siegel, 2016). When he got older, he was introduced to the concept of timeshares, and fell in love with it instantly. He started with sixteen units in the back of an orange grove, and expanded from there. As of the documentary, David owned 28 resorts in 11 states, three of which were the top three largest in the world. No matter how rich or successful he became, David he always wanted more units, more money, and more recognition. It was not enough for him to just have a successful timeshare company, he wanted to have the most successful timeshare company (Greenfield, 2012).
Jackie Siegel did not start out living a luxurious lifestyle either. She grew up in the small town of Binghamton, New York, in a three bedroom, one bathroom house. From a young age, she was determined to make something of herself and reach beyond the walls of the place where she grew up. Jackie was never happy with her comfortable, middle class life. She wanted to leave and move on to bigger and better things. She attended Rochester Institute of Technology, and graduated with a computer engineering degree in 1986. She defied her cultural norms and went to a prestigious school to seek a higher education in a field that not many women were involved in at the time (Greenfield, 2012).
A few years later, Jackie she moved to New York City to begin a modelling career. Eventually, she met a man on Wall Street, fell in love, got married, and moved to the everglades. Her husband grew physically abusive and ended up in jail one night. She grabbed her modelling pictures which were her whole life at the time along with , and some clothes, and left. One day, she stumbled across an advertisement to be Mrs. Florida. She entered, won, and quickly met David Siegel (Greenfield, 2012).
At the time of their meeting, David had just got out of a 27 year marriage. He saw Jackie for the first time at a party and thought she was the most beautiful girl in the world. David admits that he does not doesn’t understand what Jackie sees in him, but he acknowledges and the obvious answer appears to be that he is a multimillionaire. Jackie’s seemingly endless spending and overly extravagant lifestyle makes it seem as though she is simply using David to live the life she dreamed of as a middle class child. However, it soon becomes clear through the film that Jackie loves David for a lot more than his money, and that their relationship is far deeper than it seems. David may have been drawn to Jackie initially by her gorgeous looks, but he does not hesitate to brag about how she is kind, extroverted, and a good mother (Greenfield, 2012).
From the very start of the documentary, the Siegel family appears much like you would expect. They have more money than they could ever hope to spend, their home is overflowing with posessionsstuff, and they seem to hand their credit cards over without even noticing the cost. Jackie’s decorating taste is garish to the point of tackiness. On just her closet alone, Jackie admits to spending around $1 million every year. She owns a $17,000 pair of Gucci crocodile boots, and $10,000 ostrich feather Gucci pants (Greenfield, 2012). The average American family, who makes around $50,000 annually after taxes, spends only $1,600 on clothes each year (Hamm, 2015).
Even the clothes Jackie is seen wearing throughout the film are often over the top. She wears skin-tight dresses to formal events, and nearly every shirt is low cut to show off her botox-filled cleavage. Numerous times, Jackie tries to justify her purchases, but it only comes across to the audience as comically absurd. When talking about her collection of purses, Jackie admits that she believes purses are a good investment because, if necessary, you can always sell them. It is clear that she knows she is spending a ridiculous amount of money on impractical things, but she sees no reason to stop. No matter how much she has, there are always new things she wants to spend her her money on (Greenfield, 2012). \
The family itself initially comes across as arrogant and rather self-obsessed. David openly brags about the fact that he believes he personally got George Bush elected president through large donations (Stables, 2012) that he admits, “may not necessarily have been legal” (Greenfield, 2012). He also talks takes a few moments to talk about how much better off people are for knowing him, and . David says he changes people’s lives all the time. Jackie brags about her relationship with her husband, and says, “He sure doesn’t need Viagra” (Greenfield, 2012). It is this inflated sense of self that has the family believing that they deserve all of the material items they own. David works hard to maintain his fortune, so he concludes that his family is entitled to anything money can buy.
The most prominent of the Siegel’s spending choices is in their 90,000 square foot in-construction dream home they have called Versailles, after the French architecture it was inspired on. To put the size in perspective, that is larger than the White House, and big enough to be a whole land in Disney. Not only would this be the largest single-family home under one roof in America, it would contain thirty bathrooms, a roller rink, an orchestra, a ballroom, a baseball field, an observation deck (Greenfield, 2012), a 5,000 square foot closet, an ice skating rink, ten kitchens (Mandell, 2016), two tennis courts, and an entire wing for the children. When asked why the family would want to take on such a grandiose and expensive project, David replied, “We never sought out to build the biggest home in America. It just kind of happened.” The couple wanted to have everything they had ever dreamed of wanted in one home. Jackie describes their current house as “bursting at the seams.” The family’s solution is not to get rid of the overabundance of stuff they already own, but rather build a bigger house to fit it all (Greenfield, 2012).
However, despite the initial arrogance of the family, a deeper side soon begins to emerge. This depth first becomes apparent through the oldest of the seven biological children, Victoria. Victoria, who went by Rikki, clearly had a lot of love and gratitude for her family when she talked about them, and even expressed showed admiration when telling the story of her adopted sister, Jonquil. Jonquil is 16 and the daughter of Jackie’s brother. When Jonquil’s father could not take care of her anymore, and her mother passed away, she came to live with the Siegels. When the girl first arrived at the house, Jackie immediately asked her what her room at home was like because she wanted to make sure she decorated her new one in a way that would make her feel the most comfortable. Rikki even concedes that the family was greatly humbled by the arrival of Jonquil (Greenfield, 2012).
When the housing market crashesd in 2008, Jackie Siegel reluctantly falls seemed to fall from Princess Cinderella almost back to poor Cinderella (Varon, 2014). The family hasd to make immediate reductions on spending. Jackie travels with her children using a commercial airline to which they ask her, “What are all these people doing on our plane?” (Greenfield, 2012). She begins shopping at Walmart, and is forced to drive herself around. Even with these slight cutbacks in comparison to the family’s still vast wealth, Jackie has difficulty leaning too far away from her shopaholic lifestyle. Her trip to Walmart before Christmas is the most notable scene in terms of the family’s attempts to cut back. Though she is no longer buying presents from overly expensive or designer brands, she and her envoy of housekeepers and nannies cross the Walmart parking lot with four overflowing shopping carts (Greenfield, 2012).
Director Lauren Greenfield presents Jackie as oblivious to anything but her extravagant lifestyle which leads the audience to sympathise, but also laugh a little at her ignorance. For example, when Jackie asks the man running the Hertz car rental desk what her driver’s name is, he looks at her with an expression of complete bewilderment, likely mirroring that of the audience. Her question is so absurd as he assumes she has to be kidding.
The saddest familial impact of the crash was how the kids had to be pulled out of private school and transferred to public school. Jackie had to tell them to start thinking about what they would want to be when they grew up because she was starting to realize the money might not be there for them if things did not get better, and they had not put aside any money for college. This was the first time the kids had to think about making their own money. It was hard enough for Jackie and David to deal with their financial struggle, but it is harder on the children who do not and cannot fully understand what is going on (Greenfield, 2012).
Just four months after the opening gala for PH Towers Westgate in Las Vegas, Nevada, the company that constructed the building sued Westgate for unpaid bills. David was forced to lay off around 7,000 employees, and had to completely shut down the telemarketing department because there was no financing for sales. The banks did not want to lend the money, so half of the employees were let go two days before Thanksgiving (Greenfield, 2012).
In contrast to David Siegel’s previous boasting about how many people are better off for knowing him, he begins to express his remorse at being the reason behind many people struggling. He says, “I’ve affected a lot of lives.” To their ultimate dismay, David and Jackie have to put the half-complete Versailles on the market for $100 million. At this point, they have already put in $50 million in addition to the land, with an incredible $5 million of that in marble alone (Greenfield, 2012).
Not all of the individuals affected by the crisis, that also affected the family, remain faceless. While volunteering at one of their son’s baseball games, Jackie and David meet Cliff Wright who, at the height of his time working in commercial real estate, had a net worth of $3.5 million, but, after the economic crash, was down to $0. He lost all 19 of his homes, and had to rent a house from a friend. He eventually became the Siegel family’s limo driver (White, 2012). Jackie’s high school best friend, Tina, fell behind on her mortgage payments and her house went into foreclosure. Despite the $5,000 Jackie sent her to try and save it, she lost her home (Tovrov, 2012).
Since the airing of the documentary, the Siegel family has been as busy as ever. David sued Greenfield, the filmmaker behind The Queen of Versailles for falsely portraying the family, but the court dismissed it. Versailles is back under construction after Jackie admits her husband had his best year ever. David bought the Las Vegas Hilton, the Orlando Predators football team, and the Coco Beach Pier (Mandell, 2016). In 2015, Victoria Siegel was found unresponsive in her father’s home, and pronounced dead at the Health Central Hospital (Fuchs, 2015) from a mix of prescription medications. Since her death, David has become a huge advocate in the fight against drug addiction, and has even started a foundation with Jackie to help teens tackling substance abuse (Hudak, 2016). Despite the initial outrage from David Siegel over the family’s portrayal in the film, he and Jackie admit that their marriage is stronger than ever (Mandell, 2016).
Today, the members of the Siegel family, unlike most of the other Americans affected by the crisis, are financially better than ever. David Siegel currently has a net worth of $940 million (David Siegel, 2016). According to a study in 2016, the average net worth of an American is $300,000 (Samurai, 2017), over 3,000 times less than Siegel. Seventy-five percent of Americans live paycheck by paycheck, and barely have enough money each year to put into savings after the cost of food, transportation, and other expenses (Hamm, 2015).
It is obvious that the life of the Siegel family is far different from the American norm. The Queen of Versailles shows that sometimes the highest people fall the farthest. Through the housing market crash, David and Jackie Siegel got a glimpse for the first time that their wealth is not guaranteed, and audiences saw that being rich is not without it’s own ups and downs. Lauren Greenfield sums up the film in saying, “And in the beginning, [the movie] starts out as this intimate look at how the 1 percent live, and what wealth is like; it’s almost like a fantasy world with castles and jets and a timesharetime-share king and a beauty queen. By the end, you really see that it's become an allegory about all of us, and in a way the overreaching of America and how we all overextended in different ways” (Greenfield Interview, 2012).
Source List
David Siegel. (2016). Retrieved February 14, 2017, from http://www.forbes.com/profile/david-siegel/
Fuchs, E. (2015, June 07). Daughter of timeshare mogul David Siegel is dead at 18. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://www.businessinsider.com/victoria-siegel-dies-after-being-found-in-home-of-david-siegel-2015-6
Greenfield, L. (Director). (2012). The Queen of Versailles [Motion picture on Netflix]. United States: Magnolia Pictures.
Greenfield, L. (2012, July 20). In New Documentary, Our Economic Fall Writ Large [Interview by A. Cornish & R. Siegel]. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://www.npr.org/2012/07/20/157060920/in-new-documentary-our-economic-fall-writ-large
Hudak, S. (2016, April 08). Grief fuels timeshare king David Siegel's fight against drug addiction. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://www.orlandosentinel.com/health/addiction-recovery/os-addiction-recovery-david-siegel-20160408-story.html
Hamm, T. (2015, April 14). A Look at the Average American Budget - and How the Average American Can Start Saving More. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from http://www.thesimpledollar.com/a-look-at-the-average-american-budget-and-how-the-average-american-can-start-saving-more/
Mandell, L. J. (2016, May 20). The Queen of Versailles Is Back! An Exclusive Update on the Biggest Home in America>. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://www.realtor.com/news/trends/queen-of-versailles-q-and-a/
Samurai, F. (n.d.). The Average American Net Worth Is Huge! Retrieved February 15, 2017, from http://www.financialsamurai.com/average-net-worth-is-huge/
Stables, K. (2012, September). The Queen of Versailles [Review of The Queen of Versailles]. Sight and Sound, 22(9), 108-109.
White, M. (2012, September). The Queen of Versailles: A Dream Contorted. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://realtormag.realtor.org/news-and-commentary/commentary/article/2012/09/queen-versailles-dream-contorted